Intergrated Circuit & Logic Gate...

1950 ခုႏွစ္ေလာက္ကစပီး Transistors မ်ားကို လွ်ပ္စစ္ပစၥည္း မ်ားမွာ က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႕ျပန္႕ အသံုးျပဳလာၾကပါတယ္.Transistor ဆိုေသာစကားလံုးဟာ Resistor နဲ႕ Transfer ဆိုေသာ စကားလံုးမ်ားကို ေပါင္းၿပီး အတုိ ျဖစ္သြားတာပါ

Electronics Circuits တစ္ခု မွာ Resistor , Condenser&Capacitor , Transistor , Battery ,Coil ,Diode, crystal……

Electronic Circuits မ်ားကို ၃ မ်ိဳးခြဲျခားထားပါတယ္ .

၁.Vacumm Tube Circuit

၂.Transistor Circuit

၃.Intergrated Circuit

 Intergrated Circuit (IC) အေၾကာင္းေလးတင္ျပလိုပါတယ္.IC မွာ Electronics component မ်ားဟာ Semiconductor Crystal (Si.Crystal) တစ္ခုတည္း မွာသာ တပ္ဆင္ ထားပါတယ္. ဒါေၾကာင့္ IC အရြယ္အစားေသးငယ္ သြားရျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္.IC One Cubic Inch တြင္ Electronics Component ေပါင္း 200000 တပ္ဆင္ႏိူင္ပါတယ္ IC ေတြကို ေခတ္ မွီ Electronic Equipment မ်ားမွာ အသံုးျပဳေနက်ပါတယ္ .IT ေခတ္ မွာ IC သံုးလာသလို တဆက္တည္း Electronics Logic(LOGIC IC in Phone) မ်ားလည္း ေပၚေပါက္ေနရာယူလာပါတယ္.

၀ိဇၹာဘာသာတြင္ Logic ဆိုသည္မွာ ယုတၱိေဗဒ လို႕ဘာသာျပန္က်ပါတယ္.အေၾကာင္းတရားနဲ႕ အက်ိဳးတရား ဆက္သြယ္မႈ႕ ကိုေလ့လာျခင္းပါ.Physics ဘာသာတြင္ေတာ့ A Logic Gate is an electronics divice which take in ingormation from the environment makes a decision base on that information and gives out the result လို႕ဖြင့္ဆိုထားပါတယ္.ဆိုလိုရင္းမွာ Logic gate (Basic digital-logic element used in building electronic circuits. The five basic types of gates are named in Boolean notation as OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, NOR (NOT OR) gate, and NAND (NOT AND) gate, all of which are used in directing (switching) current flow. Except the NOT gate, each gate accepts more than one binary input, and output is a function of the input(s). Also called logic circuit.)

ဆိုသည္မွာ လွ်ပ္စစ္တီထြင္မႈ႕ပစၥည္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္.Logic gate မ်ားကို ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္းအမည္ေပးခြဲထားပါတယ္….logic gate (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR)

၁.AND Gate

၂.OR Gate

၃.XOR Gate

၄.NOT Gate

၅.NAND Gate

၆.NOR Gate(True Gate)

၇.XN OR Gate…..

၁.AND Gate.

အထက္ပါပံုတြင္A ခလုပ္ႏွင့္ B ခလုပ္မ်ားကို တစ္ခုခုဟထားလွ်င္ (OFF) သို႕ ႏွစ္ခုစလံုးဟထားလွ်င္ (OFF) မီးလင္းမည္မဟုတ္ပါ။

A ေရာ B ေရာ ႏွစ္ခုစလံုးထိထားမွ (ON)မီးလင္းပါမည္။Logic Gate အသံုးအႏႈန္းတြင္ on ကို Hight (1)ဟုေခၚပီး off ကို low (0) လို႕ေခၚပါတယ္။A နဲ႕ B မ်ားကို INPUT လို႕ေခၚပါတယ္။INDICTOR ကို OUTPUT လို႕ေခၚပါတယ္။INPUT ႏွစ္ခုရွိရင္  OUTPUT ေလးခုထြက္ႏိူင္ပါတယ္။သို႕ေသာ္ INPUT တစ္ခုရွိရင္ေတာ့ OUTPUT တစ္ခုသာထြက္ပါတယ္။INPUT 3 ခုရွိရင္ OUTPUT 8 ခုထြက္ႏိူင္ပါတယ္။

The output is high only when A and B are high Output is hight(1) when both A and B are high (1) this is why it is called an and gate.

The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true," the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator. The following illustration and table show the circuit symbol and logic combinations for an AND gate. (In the symbol, the input terminals are at left and the output terminal is at right.) The output is "true" when both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is "false."

 

AND gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
	1
1
1	1	1

The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical inclusive "or." The output is "true" if either or both of the inputs are "true." If both inputs are "false," then the output is "false."

OR gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
	1	1
1		1
1	1	1

The XOR ( exclusive-OR ) gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or." The output is "true" if either, but not both, of the inputs are "true." The output is "false" if both inputs are "false" or if both inputs are "true." Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same.

XOR gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
	1	1
1		1
1	1

A logical inverter , sometimes called a NOT gate to differentiate it from other types of electronic inverter devices, has only one input. It reverses the logic state.

Inverter or NOT gate

Input	Output
1
	1

The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation "and" followed by negation. The output is "false" if both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is "true."

NAND gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
		1
	1	1
1		1
1	1

The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if both inputs are "false." Otherwise, the output is "false."

NOR gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
		1
	1
1
1	1

The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if the inputs are the same, and"false" if the inputs are different.

XNOR gate

Input 1	Input 2	Output
		1
	1
1
1	1	1

Using combinations of logic gates, complex operations can be performed. In theory, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be arrayed together in a single device. But in practice, there is a limit to the number of gates that can be packed into a given physical space. Arrays of logic gates are found in digital integrated circuits (ICs). As IC technology advances, the required physical volume for each individual logic gate decreases and digital devices of the same or smaller size become capable of performing ever-more-complicated operations at ever-increasing speeds.

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